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Modern Scots describes the varieties of (Lowland) Scots traditionally spoken in Lowland Scotland and parts of Ulster from 1700. Throughout its history, Modern Scots has been undergoing a process of language attrition, whereby successive generations of speakers have adopted more and more features from Standard English. This process of language contact has accelerated rapidly since widespread access to mass media in English and increased population mobility became available after the Second World War.〔"A Brief History of Scots'' in Corbett, John; McClure, Derrick; Stuart-Smith, Jane (Editors)(2003) ''The ''Edinburgh Companion to Scots''. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1596-2. p. 15〕 It has recently taken on the nature of wholesale language shift towards Scottish English, sometimes also termed language change, convergence or merger. By the end of the twentieth century Scots was at an advanced stage of language death over much of Lowland Scotland.〔Macafee C. "Studying Scots Vocabulary'' in Corbett, John; McClure, Derrick; Stuart-Smith, Jane (Editors)(2003) ''The ''Edinburgh Companion to Scots''. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press. ISBN 0-7486-1596-2. p. 51〕 Residual features of Scots are often regarded as slang. ==Dialects== The varieties of Modern Scots are generally divided into five dialect groups:〔Mairi Robinson (editor-in-chief), ''The Concise Scots Dictionary'', Aberdeen University Press, 1985 p.xxxi〕 *Insular Scots – spoken in Orkney and Shetland. *Northern Scots – Spoken north of the Firth of Tay. * *North Northern – spoken in Caithness, Easter Ross and the Black Isle. * *Mid Northern (also called North East〔Mairi Robinson (editor-in-chief), ''The Concise Scots Dictionary'', Aberdeen University Press, 1985〕 and popularly known as the ''Doric'') – spoken in Moray, Buchan and Aberdeenshire. * *South Northern – spoken in east Angus and the Mearns. *Central Scots – spoken in the Central Lowlands and South west Scotland. * *North East Central – spoken north of the Forth, in south east Perthshire and west Angus. * *South East Central – spoken in the Lothians, Peeblesshire and Berwickshire * *West Central – spoken in Dunbartonshire, Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, Inverclyde, Ayrshire, on the Isle of Bute and to the southern extremity of Kintyre. * *South West Central – spoken in west Dumfriesshire, Kirkcudbrightshire and Wigtownshire. *Southern Scots – spoken in mid and east Dumfriesshire and the Scottish Borders counties Selkirkshire and Roxburghshire, in particular the valleys of the Annan, the Esk, the Liddel Water, the Teviot and the Yarrow Water. It is also known as the "border tongue" or "border Scots". *Ulster Scots – spoken primarily by the descendants of Scottish settlers in Ulster, particularly counties Antrim, Down and Donegal. Also known as "Ullans". The southern extent of Scots may be identified by the range of a number of pronunciation features which set Scots apart from neighbouring English dialects. Like many languages across borders there is a dialect continuum between Scots and the Northumbrian dialect, both descending from early northern Middle English. The Scots pronunciation of ''come'' contrasts with in Northern English. The Scots realisation reaches as far south as the mouth of the north Esk in north Cumbria, crossing Cumbria and skirting the foot of the Cheviots before reaching the east coast at Bamburgh some 12 miles north of Alnwick. The Scots –English / cognate group (''micht-might'', ''eneuch-enough'', etc.) can be found in a small portion of north Cumbria with the southern limit stretching from Bewcastle to Longtown and Gretna. The Scots pronunciation of ''wh'' as becomes English south of Carlisle but remains in Northumberland, but Northumberland realises “r” as , often called the ''burr'', which is not a Scots realisation. The greater part of the valley of the Esk and the whole of Liddesdale have been considered to be northern English dialects by some, Scots by others. From the nineteenth century onwards influence from the South through education and increased mobility have caused Scots features to retreat northwards so that for all practical purposes the political and linguistic boundaries may be considered to coincide. As well as the main dialects, Edinburgh, Dundee and Glasgow (see Glasgow patter) have local variations on an Anglicised form of Central Scots. In Aberdeen, Mid Northern Scots is spoken by a minority. Due to their being roughly near the border between the two dialects, places like Dundee and Perth can contain elements and influences of both Northern and Central Scots. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Modern Scots」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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